yanmar diesel engine

 Rudolf Diesel, of German nationality, was born 1858 in Paris from Bavarian immigrant parents.
In 1894, he filed for a patent on his new invention, To be called the Diesel engine.
Though best known for his invention of the pressure-ignited heat engine that bears his name, Rudolf Diesel was also a well-respected thermal engineer and a social theorist.

 Rudolf Diesel conceived the diesel engine to enable independent craftsmen and artisans to compete with industry by replacing the steam engine as the primary power source for industry.

 Using a similar principle to an aerosol spray.Diesel's original engine injected fuel with the assistance of compressed air, which atomized the fuel and forced it into the engine through a nozzle.
Recording the highest thermal efficiency of any regular internal or external combustion engine due to its very high compression ratio.

 Contrast to the 10 percent efficiency of the steam engine. In 1896 a theoretical efficiency of 75 percent was shown by Diesel, who after spenting two years making improvements demonstrated his model.

 Unlike Otto-cycle engines, The mechanical or electronic governor, which regulates the idling speed and maximum speed of the engine by controlling the rate of fuel delivery ,is vital component of all diesel engines.
Diesel displaced paraffin (or tractor vaporising oil, TVO) in most parts of the world by the end of the 1950s

 Diesel engines are manufactured in two stroke and four stroke versions.
An indirect injection diesel engine delivers fuel into a chamber off the combustion chamber, called a pre-chamber or ante-chamber, where combustion begins and then spreads into the main combustion chamber, assisted by turbulence created in the chamber.

 Indirect injection engines were used in small-capacity, high-speed diesel engines in automotive, marine and construction uses from the 1950s, until direct injection technology advanced in the 1980s.

 Indirect injection diesels can still be found in the many ATV diesel applications.
Fuel consumption was about 15 to 20 percent lower than indirect injection diesels, which for some buyers was enough to compensate for the extra noise.

In cold weather, high speed diesel engines that have pre-combustion chambers can be difficult to start because the density of the cylinder block and head absorb the heat of compression, preventing ignition due to the higher surface-to-volume ratio.
Low speed and compressed air started larger and intermediate speed diesels do not have glowplugs and compression ratios are around 16:1. up to 21:1

 Diesel engines for smaller plant machinery, boats, tractors, generators and pumps may start at one cylindera and go up to five. The single cylinder diesel engine mostly for light stationary work.

 Diesel engines tend to have their torque peak quite low in their speed range (usually between 1600 and 2000 rpm for a small-capacity unit, lower for a larger engine used in a truck).
Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) often have a thermal efficiencies which exceed 50 percent.
Since the 1970s, the use of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the USA increased.
As of 2007, about 50 percent of all new European car sales are diesel.
The world's largest diesel engine is currently a Wärtsilä marine diesel of about 80 MW output.

 Diesel engines have long been popular in bigger cars and this is spreading to smaller cars. Eclipsed steam engines Diesel engines have become the prime mover on all non-electrified railroads in the industrialized world.

 Reverting back to Diesel's original implementation with its superior combustion and possibly quieter operation.
Research is now being performed and patents are being taken out to again use some form of air injection to reduce the nitrogen oxides and pollution.

 Some engines, such as Detroit Diesel engines and Lister-Petter engines, used a system to introduce small amounts of ether into the inlet manifold to start combustion.
International Harvester developed a tractor in the 1930s that had a 7-litre 4-cylinder engine which started as a gasoline engine then ran on diesel after warming up.
The operator then switched off the petrol fuel system and opened the throttle on the diesel injection system.
Two-stroke diesel operation is similar to that of petrol counterparts, except that fuel is not mixed with air before induction, and the crankcase does not take an active role in the cycle.

 Having the largest range of the modern form of the two-stroke diesel is the Detroit Diesel engine, in which the blower pressurizes a chamber in the engine block that is often referred to as the "air box".
In a two-stroke diesel engine, as the cylinder's piston approaches the bottom dead centre exhaust ports or valves are opened relieving most of the excess pressure after which a passage between the air box and the cylinder is opened, permitting air flow into the cylinder.